One-Hot Encoding

One-hot encoding is an FSM state-assignment method that assigns one flip-flop to each state, increasing the number of flip-flops but minimising combinational logic. With fewer interconnections between gates, propagation delay drops and the state machine runs faster.

KEY One-hot encoding uses one flop per FSM state - more flops, less logic, faster operation.

Sources of On-Chip Variation

• Etching.
• Photolithography.
• Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP).

KEY OCV sources include etching, photolithography and CMP.

How Latches and Flip-Flops Relate

Connecting two D latches back to back forms a flip-flop - one acts as the master and the other as the slave. A latch is level-sensitive while a flip-flop is edge-sensitive. With the first latch low-level and the second high-level, the pair forms a rising-edge D flip-flop. A latch consumes less power than a flip-flop but is more prone to glitches.

Figure / Diagram

KEY Two back-to-back latches (master-slave) make a flip-flop; latch is level-sensitive, flop edge-sensitive.